Conditional (Zero , One , Two , Three )

*Conditional use means that an action depends on another. Conditionals are used to discuss real or unreal. In general, conditional sentences have the word "if" (si).

Note that there is no conditional tense for English and in Spanish there. At the same time, use the auxiliary verbs "would" to form the conditional in English.

There are four types of conditional sentences and the use of one over another reflects the likelihood of action.
 
1 Zero Conditional (Type 0)

This type is used when the condition of the conditional and the result is always true, such as scientific facts.
IF Condition Result
Present simple Present simple if

     * Examples:
     * If you heat water to 100 ° C, it boils. / Water boils if you heat it to 100 ° C. (If you heat water boils at 100 ° C).
     * If I do not practice the piano everyday I play poorly. / I play the piano poorly if I do not practice everyday. (If you do not practice the piano every day I play bad.)
     * Does your mom get mad if you do not call her? / If you do not call your mom, does she get mad? (If not call your mother, get angry?)
Note: We can change the order of the sentences without changing the meaning. Also, in general with this type of conditional, we can replace "if" to "when" without altering the meaning.
 
2 ) First Conditinal (Type 1)

This type of conditional uses for the future and in cases where it is likely that the condition will pass.
IF Condition Result
If simple Present simple Future ("will")

     * Examples:
     * If Bill studies, He Will pass the exam. / Bill Will pass the exam if I studies. (If Bill studies, passing the exam.)
     * If It Does not Rain, We Will go to the beach. / We will go to the beach if it Does not rain. (If it rains, go to the beach.)
     * Will you take the train if you miss the bus? / If you miss the bus, the train will you take? (¿Take the train if you miss the bus?)

Note: You can use some modal verbs instead of "will" to change the probability or express an opinion. For more information, see the lesson on modal verbs.

     * Examples:
     * If It Does not Rain, May we go to the beach. (* With the use of "may", the meaning of this phrase changes. Now, the speaker recognizes that you can go to the beach but not so sure if it will go.)
     * If It Does not Rain Should we go to the beach. (* In this case, the use of "should" expresses the opinion of the speaker.)
     * If It Does not Rain Can we go to the beach. ("Can" means you can go to the beach, but does not indicate the probability.)

3 ) Second Conditional (Type 2)

Type 2 is used to express an unrealistic possibility in the present, as a wish or a dream, or an action in the future is not likely.
IF Condition Result
If Past simple "Would" + infinitive

     * Examples:

     * If I won the lottery, I Would Travel Around the World. / I Would Travel Around the World if I won the lottery. (If you win the lottery, travel around the world.)
     * If more time HAD Rachel, Would she learn to play the guitar. / Rachel Would learn to play the guitar if She Had more time. (If Rachel had more time, learn to play guitar.)

     * Would you be happy if You Were to get married? / If You Were to get married, would you be happy? (Would you be happy if you married?)

Note: As in the type 1 can use other modal verbs instead of "would" to change the meaning and possibility.

4) Third Conditional (Type 3)

In contrast to types 1 and 2, using the third type of probation when it comes to a condition in the past that has not sucedidio.
IF Condition Result
If Past perfect "Would have" + past participle

     * Examples:
     * If I had Known Then What I know now, I Would Have Done Things Differently. / I Would Have Done Things Differently If I Had Known Then What I Know now. (If I had known in the past what I know now, would have done things differently.)

     * Suzanne Would Have Had the heart attack if she HAD gone on a diet as her physician recommended. / If Suzanne HAD gone on a diet as her physician recommended she Would Have Had the heart attack. (Suzanne had not had the heart attack if he had made diet and your doctor recommended.)

     * Would You have liked to go to university if You Had Been Able to AFFORD it? / If you had Been Able to AFFORD it, would you liked to go to Have university? (Would you like to go to college if you had allowed you to pay?)

Note: As the types 1 and 2, you can use other modal verbs instead of "would" to change the meaning and probability.

6.Tag questions and times

A.Who / Whom is for people.
Which is for things 
That [dat] is for people or things but with some nuances to be discussed later 
B: STRUCTURE:auxiliary verb (main clause) + personal pronoun
C: EXAMPLE 
  Can you play tennis. Can you?
Your brother Will Go with us to the cinema. Will not he?
 With to be in present or past:
The weather is chilly, is not it? / The weather is cold, right?Yes, it is.Are not you tired, are you? / You're tired, right?Yes, I amThe sky is clue over, is not it? / The sky is cloudy, is not it?Yes, it is.It WAS raining yesterday, Was not it? / It was raining yesterday, is not it?Yes, It WasYesterday wasn'ta cold, was it? / Yesterday was not cold right?Yes, It was

•  With regular and irregular verbs in present simple:

Speaks five languages ​​Manuel, Does he? / Manuel speaks five languages, is not it?Yes, he does.You do not cook every day, do you? / You do not cook every day, do you?Yes, I do. / No, I do not.

• In past simple:

Alice Went to Puerto Rico, Did she? / Alice went to Puerto Rico, or was not?Yes, she didI wanted to sleep all day long, Did not He? / He wanted to sleep all day is not it 'Yes, I did / No He Did not

• In future:

They Will Go to the travel agent's, will not they? / They go to the travel agency, right?Yes, They Will.

5. Relative Clauses

relative pronoun	use	example
who	subject or object pronoun for people	I told you about the woman who lives next door.
which	subject or object pronoun for animals and things	Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?
which	referring to a whole sentence	He couldn’t read which surprised me.
whose	possession for people animals and things	Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
whom	object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)	I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.
that	subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible)	I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.

4. Presente Perfect

A. When To use '' Present Perfect'' 

The present perfect is used in the English language to narrate events that haveoccurred in an unspecified time in the past and may or may not be continuing in the present. The verb in present perfect or present perfect in English, is constructed with the auxiliary verb have or has, if third person, he, she, it, plus the participle of the verb, past participle

B. __________


C.Example  

• I have been planning my weekend ahead.
• He has been walking the whole day
• Have you been playing tennis?
• Have you been studying this weekend?
• I've worked all this week 

D. Questions

• Have you been doing my homework all day

     S+A = Yes, I have been doing my homework all day 
     S-A = No, I haven't been  doing my homework all day  
     L+A = yes, I have been doing 
     L-A = No, I haven't doing .

3. Present Continuous

A. When To use " present continuous" 

This simple, also called the indicative tense is the simplest of English. It is often usedto talk about facts that are habits or customs also use it to express schedules orprograms (such as a theatrical program).

B. __________ 


C.Example 

• I am dancing in the disco.
• I am planning my weekend ahead.
• We are not studying French right now.
• Are you studying Spanish this evening? 
• We are studying the present continuous of the English verbs.

D.Questions 

•  We are listening the game ? 

 S+A = Yes , We are listening the game.  S-A =  No , We are not listening the game.   L+A = Yes, we are listening  L-A = No , We are not listening 

2. Simple Past

A.Verb To Be in Past

• Affirmative= I was
• Interrogative= You Were 
• Negative= He Was 

B. When to use '' simple Past''  

Used to refer to actions that were developed in the past and for some time that ended.Its equivalent in Castilian is the past tense, both in the negative interrogative as DID is used as an auxiliary which is the last form of the verb "TO DO" and accompanies themain verb in its infinitive form. Negations can be used in the contracted form of DIDNOT or DID.

C. Example 

Positively in the auxiliary does not set butt the verb is put in the past .

• You pop music dance last week

In the negative if it puts the assistant did not , but the verb is put into this because the auxiliary  is already indicating the sentence is passed. 

• You didn't Dance pop music last week

Interrogative the auxiliary is placed firist ( did,Did Not) the      pronoun , and the verb is put into this. 

• Did you pop dance music last week  

D. Questions 

• Did You go to the supermarket ?

    S+A = yes , I  do. 
    S-A = No , I don't.
    L+A = Yes , I go. 
    L-A = No ,I don't go.  

1. Simple Present

A. When to use "Simple Present"

He used to talk about habitual actions, generic, occurring with some frequency,without reference to whether the present time are doing, you can use to talk about facts that are habits or customs. We also use the present simple to talk about habits,express facts or general truths, to express schedules or programs.

B. Rules ( Third Person )  

As a general rule, the verb form of the 3 rd person singular s is added, however, there are a few rules for a series of verbal forms are special:

1 .- When the verb ends in s already, or a similar sound as sh, ch or x:

watch -> watches (watch)dash -> Dash (throwing)

2 .- When the verb ends in o, is also added:

go -> goes (go)do -> does (do)

3 .- When the verb ends in y, since it precedes a consonant, we have to change the y to i, then add it:

fly -> flies (fly) study -> studies (study)

These spelling rules are the same that are used to form the plural. They are alsoused to form other tenses, so once you learn you have much livestock.

C. Example 

 negative conjugation example

• He doesn't sing in the shower.
• The Sun warms the atmosphere. 
• We play tennis usually.
• You study always. 
•  The train leaves in an hour.

D. Questions 

Do you run in the park everyday?
S+A = Yes, I do.
S-A = No, I don't.
L+A = yes, I run.
L-A = No, I Don't run.